The Ecological Importance of Sea Otters
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) play a critical role in maintaining the health, stability, and biodiversity of coastal marine ecosystems. As a keystone species, their presence directly influences the structure and function of their environment.
Keystone Species
Sea otters are classified as keystone species because their feeding habits regulate populations of herbivorous invertebrates—particularly sea urchins. In their absence, urchin populations can grow unchecked, leading to the degradation of kelp forests and the collapse of entire ecosystems.
Guardians of Kelp Forests
By preying on sea urchins, sea otters help maintain the balance necessary for kelp forests to flourish. These underwater forests provide essential habitat and serve as breeding grounds for a wide range of marine species.
Contributions to Climate Resilience
Kelp forests are highly effective at sequestering carbon dioxide, making them valuable in the global effort to combat climate change. Through their role in protecting kelp ecosystems, sea otters contribute indirectly to natural carbon storage and overall ocean health.
Promoting Marine Biodiversity
The presence of sea otters supports the broader biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. Their influence extends to species that rely on kelp forests and eelgrass beds, including fish, invertebrates, and marine birds.
Indicators of Environmental Health
As top predators in their ecosystem, sea otters are also considered reliable indicators of environmental change. Monitoring their populations can provide early warnings about ocean pollution, disease outbreaks, or ecological imbalance.